Pakistan

PAKISTAN HISTORY      


 
 






THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN is a country in South Asia. It is the world’s Fifth-Most Populous country with a population exceeding 212.2 million. It has the world’s second largest Muslim population. It is the 33^rd largest country by area, spanning kilometers (340,509 square miles).




Pakistan has a 1,046-Kilometre (650-mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and china to the northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan’s WA khan corridor in the northwest, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.

The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures and intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent. The ancient history involves the Neolithic site of mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilization, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including Hindus, indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco Mongols, Afghans and Sikhs. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Persian Achaemenid Empire, Alexander III of Macedon’s empire. His Seleucid Empire, the Indian Maurya Empire the Kushan Empire Etc.



PAKISTAN gained independence in 1947 as a homeland for Indian Muslims following the PAKISTAN MOVEMENT, which sought statehood for the Muslim-majority regions of British India through the partition. It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with similarly diverse geography and wildlife. Initially, a dominion, Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. An ethnic civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh. 

In 1973, Pakistan adopted a new constitution that stipulated that all laws are to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah.

In 2008, Pakistan transitioned to civilian rule. In 2010, Pakistan adopted a parliamentary system with periodic elections.
A middle power Pakistan has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state. It is ranked among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world and is backed by one of the world’s largest and fastest-growing middle-class populations.
Pakistan’s political history since independence has been characterized by periods of military rule, political instability, and conflicts with India. The country continues to face challenges including poverty, illiteracy, and corruption.

Pakistan is a member of the UN, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the OIC, the Commonwealth of Nations, the SAARC, the Islamic Military Counter-terrorism coalition, and is a major non-NATO ally.
The name Pakistan means literally a land abounding in the pure or a land in which the pure abound, in Urdu and Persian. It references the word (PAK) meaning “PURE” in Persian and Pashto. The suffix in English as Stan after Stan word ending in a estan or istan after a stem ending in a consonant is from Persian and means a place abounding in or a place where anything abounds”.

Uses it as an acronym (Thirty Million Muslim brethren who live in Pakistan”), and refers to the names of the five northern regions of the British Raj: Punjab Afghanis, Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan.
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE RICHEST CITY OF PAKISTAN
 
KARACHI


Karachi had many names including “Mai Kolache jo Goth and Karatishi”. A native of Karachi is called a Karachiite.
Quaid-e-Azam (Muhammad Ali Jinnah) Father of the nation was born and buried in Karachi. It has two important regional seaports.





Karachi is the largest city in Pakistan and the capital of the province of Sindh. Until 1958 it was also the capital of Pakistan it is also called the city of lights. It is also one of the world’s megacities. After 1958 Islamabad become the capital of Pakistan. In 2017 about 17.63 million people lived in Karachi. It is the largest city in the Muslim World,


KARACHI has five districts. District South, District East, District West District Central, and District Malir. The city is the financial and commercial center of Pakistan. Karachi is the most crime countries in the world.

Karachi has 26 universities including the University of Karachi. It is home to the National Stadium, which hosts many cricket games, and several others sports complexes. The city has several long sandy beaches including Clifton/Kemari beach and sandspit beach. Clifton beach suffered from an oil spillage but the beach was cleaned. Karachi has Pakistan’s first Nuclear site KANUP in 1952 from Canada. Karachi hosted the first ever night hockey match between India and Pakistan in 1986 at the hockey club of Pakistan Stadium.




Karachi has many large and small shopping areas including the Saddar area in downtown Karachi. Karachi also has a number of large modern shopping malls. The city has a modern international airport called the Jinnah International Airport and two large shipping ports at Port of Karachi and Port Qassim. Karachi is linked by railway to the rest of Pakistan. 
 


 
ISLAMABAD



Islamabad is the capital city of Pakistan and is federally administered as part of the Islamabad Capital Territory. Islamabad is the ninth largest city in Pakistan, while the larger Islamabad Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the country’s fourth largest with a population of about 3.1 million.



Built as a planned city in the 1960s to replace Karachi as Pakistan’s Capital, Islamabad is noted for its high standards of living, safety, and abundant greenery.
The city’s master plan, designed by Greek architect Constantine Apostolou Doxiadis, divides the city into eight zones, including an administrative diplomatic enclave, residential areas educational sectors, industrial sectors commercial areas, and rural and green areas which are administered by the Islamabad 


Metropolitan Corporation, supported by the Capital Development Authority. The city is known for the presence of several parks and forests including the Margalla Hills National Park and the Shakarparian.



  The city is home to several landmarks, with the most notable one being the Faisal Mosque the large mosque in south Asia and the Fifth Largest in the world.
The city is home to twenty universities including Bahria University, Quaid-e-Azam University, PIEAS, COMSATS University, and NUST. The city is one of the safest in Pakistan and has an expansive RFID-enabled Surveillance System with almost 2000 CCTV Cameras.
 
 



LAHORE


Lahore is the capital of the Pakistan province of Punjab and is the country’s 2^nd largest city after Karachi, as well as the 26^th largest city in the world. Lahore is one of Pakistan’s wealthiest city with an estimated GDP (PPP) of $84 Billion as of 2019.


Lahore is the largest city and historic cultural center of the wider Punjab region and is one of Pakistan's most socially liberal progressive, and cosmopolitan cities.
Lahore’s origins reach into antiquity. The city has its history, including the Hindu Shahis, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, and Delhi Sultanate in the medieval era. Lahore reached the height of its splendor under the Mughal Empire between the late 16^th and early 18^th century and served as its capital city for a number of years. The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader shah in 1739 and fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs. Lahore eventually became the capital of the Sikhs Empire in the early 19^th century and regained some of its lost grandeur. Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire and made the capital of British Punjab. Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan, with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian independence and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan.


Lahore experienced some of the worst riotings during the partition period preceding Pakistan’s independence. Following the success of the Pakistan Movement and subsequent independence in 1947, Lahore was declared the capital of Pakistan’s Punjab province. Lahore exerts a strong cultural influence over Pakistan. Lahore is a major center for Pakistan’s publishing industry and remains the foremost center of Pakistan’s literary scene. The city is also a major center of education in Pakistan, with some of Pakistan’s leading universities based in the city. Lahore is also home to Pakistan’s film industry, Lollywood, and is a major center of Qawwali Music. The city also hosts much of Pakistan’s tourist industry, with major attractions including the Walled City, the famous bad Shahi and wazir khan mosques, as well as several Sikh and Sufi shrines. Lahore is also home to the Lahore fort and Shalimar gardens, both of which are UNESCO World heritage sites.
 


FAISALABAD

Formerly known as Lyallpur, is the third-most-populous city in Pakistan, and the second-largest in the eastern province of Punjab. Historically one of the first planned cities within British India,
It has long since developed into a  cosmopolitan metropolis. 
Faisalabad was restructured into city district status; a devolution promulgated by the 2001 local government ordinance (LGO). 
The total area of the Faisalabad District is 5,856 km²(2,261 sq mi) while the area controlled by the Faisalabad Development Authority (FDA) is 1,280 km² (490 sq mi).


 
Faisalabad has grown to become a major industrial and distribution Centre because of its central location in the region and connecting roads, rails, and air transportation. 
It has been referred to as the "Manchester of Pakistan". As of 2013, the GDP (PPP) of Faisalabad was estimated at $43 billion and projected to rise to $87 billion in 2025 at a growth rate of 5.7%. Faisalabad contributes over 20 percent to Punjab's GDP and has an average annual GDP (nominal) of $20.5 billion.
Agriculture and industry remain its hallmark.


Faisalabad Divisionism is an administrative division of Punjab, Pakistan. The reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government but were restored again in 2008.
 
 
 
 
 
 
GUJRANWALA
 
Gujranwala is a city and capital of the Gujranwala Division located in the Majha region and Punjab, Pakistan. It is also known as the "City of Wrestlers" and is quite famous for its food. The city is Pakistan's 5th most-populous metropolitan area, as well as the 5th most populous city proper. Founded in the 18th century, Gujranwala is a relatively modern town compared to the many nearby millennia-old cities of northern Punjab. The city served as the capital of the Sukerchakia  Misl state between 1763 and 1799 and is the birthplace of the founder of the Sikh Empire, Maharaja Ranjit Singh.


Gujranwala is now Pakistan's third largest industrial center after Karachi and Faisalabad and contributes 5% of Pakistan's national GDP. The city is part of a network of large urban centers in the northeast Punjab province that forms one of Pakistan's most highly industrialized regions. Along with the nearby cities of Sialkot and Gujarat, Gujranwala forms part of the so-called "Golden Triangle" of industrial cities with export-oriented economies.
 
 


PESHAWAR
Is the capital of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and its largest city, It is the sixth-largest in Pakistan. Peshawar is also the largest Pashtun-majority city in Pakistan.
Situated in the broad Valley of Peshawar near the eastern end of the historic Khyber Pass, close to the border with Afghanistan, Peshawar's recorded history dates back to at least 539 BCE, making it the oldest city in Pakistan and one of the oldest cities in South Asia.
As the center of the ancient Gandhara region, Peshawar became the capital of the Kushan Empire under the rule of Kanishka; and was home to the Kanishka stupa, which was among the tallest buildings in the ancient world.
Peshawar was then ruled by the Hephthalites, followed by the Hindu Shahis, before the arrival of Muslim empires.


The city was an important trading center during the Mughal era, before becoming part of the Afghan Durrani Empire in December 1747, and serving as the Afghan winter capital from 1776 until the capture of the city by the Sikh Empire in March 1823, which was then followed by the British in 1846.
 
 
 
 


MULTAN
Multan is a city and capital of the Multan Division located in Punjab, Pakistan. Located on the bank of the Chenab River, Multan is Pakistan's 7th largest city and is the major cultural and economic center of southern Punjab.
Multan's history stretches deep into antiquity.
The ancient city was the site of the renowned Multan Sun Temple and was besieged by Alexander the Great during the Malian Campaign.
Multan was one of the most important trading centers of medieval Islamic India, and attracted a multitude of Sufi mystics in the 11th and 12th centuries, earning the city the Sobriquet City of Saints (Madinat-ul-auliya). The city, along with the nearby city of Uch, is renowned for its large number of Sufi shrines dating from that era



 



 
 
The Multan Cricket Stadium hosted many international cricket matches. Ibn-e-Qasim Bagh Stadium is the other stadium in Multan which is usually used for football along with other sports activities. Multan is home to the Multan Sultans, the new franchise of the Pakistan Super League founded in 2018. Multan Tigers, the domestic cricket team which had participated in domestic limited over tournaments was also based in the city. Multan has produced many international cricketers like Inzamam-ul-Haq, Sohaib Maqsood, Rahat Ali, and Sania Khan.



HYDERABAD
 
Hyderabad is a city and capital of the Hyderabad Division in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the second-largest city in Sindh and 8th largest in Pakistan. Founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro of the Kalhora Dynasty, Hyderabad served as a provincial capital until the British transferred the capital to Bombay's presidency in 1847. It is about 150 kilometers (93 mi) inland of Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan to which it is connected by a direct railway and motorway.
ROAD
The M-9 motorway is a 6-lane motorway that connects Hyderabad to Karachi, 136 kilometers away. The city will also be connected to Sukkur by the M-6 motorway, being built as part of the wider China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. From Sukkur, motorways will continue onward to Multan, Lahore, Islamabad, Faisalabad, and Peshawar.
RAIL
Hyderabad Junction railway station serves as the city's main rail station. Passenger services are provided exclusively by Pakistan Railways. The city's station is serviced by the Allama Iqbal Express to Sialkot, the Badin Express, and the Khyber Mail to Peshawar. Hyderabad has trains to Nawabshah, Badin, Tando Adam Junction, Karachi, and points in northern Pakistan.
AIR
Hyderabad Airport is no longer served by commercial air traffic. The last services were suspended in 2013. Passengers must now instead rely entirely on Karachi's Jinnah International Airport.
 
 
 
 
QUETTA
 

Quetta kwata, Balochi formerly known as Sialkot is the provincial capital and largest city of the province of Balochistan in Pakistan It is also the 10th largest city in Pakistan. It was largely destroyed in the 1935 Quetta earthquake, but was rebuilt and has a population of 1,001,205 according to the census of 2017. Quetta is at an average elevation of 1,680 meters (5,510 feet) above sea level, making it Pakistan's only high-altitude major city. The city is known as the "Fruit Garden of Pakistan," due to the numerous fruit orchards in and around it, and the large variety of fruits and dried fruit products produced there.
Located in northern Balochistan near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border and the road across to Kandahar, Quetta is a trade and communication center between the two countries. The city is near the Bolan Pass route which was once one of the major gateways from Central Asia to South Asia. Quetta played an important role militarily for the Pakistani Armed Forces in the intermittent Afghanistan conflict.